This book presents a comparative analysis conducted through methodology of the Stability Index of Political System and considers transformations and main stages of modernization occurring in the political systems and regimes of newly independent countries, such as Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine and Moldova. The book includes comprehensive studies of political, economic and social processes as well as situations that impact and condition the stability of the above-mentioned 9 independent countries in a span of 2000-2017. In-country and Cross-country analyses have been carried out within the framework of methodology of the Political Stability Index. In-country analysis refers to political, economic and social factors trends affecting the stability of the newly independent states within the mentioned period of 2000-2017. Cross-country analysis reveals comparative indicators of political stability in 2017. This book is intended to be used by scholars, experts and students at universities and research centers.