The educational manual presents in details different stages of development of ancient philosophy, philosophical teachings of philosophical directions, schools and individual thinkers, shows the peculiarities of the types of Eastern and Western philosophy, views of the representatives of Greco-Roman philosophy, in particular Heraclitus, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus and others. The philosophical-historical material in this manual has been written in accordance with the requirements of the course “History of Ancient Philosophy”, taught for bachelors of the Chair of Philosophy of YSU Faculty of Philosophy and Psychology. However, it can also be useful for those who are interested in the history of philosophy in general, as well as ancient philosophy in particular.