The manual is aimed at improving the effectiveness of teaching logical disciplines in higher education institutions, as well as academic disciplines, on the development of argumentation skills, critical and analytical thinking.

Designed for university and postgraduate students, teachers, and specialists interested in the problems of classical and non-classical logic and argumentation.

The book consists of three parts. The first part contains exercises and practical tasks related to the topics of traditional formal logic. The second part includes tasks and exercises on the topics of mathematical logic (propositional calculus, predicate calculus, and class logic), which is considered a modern area of classical logic. The third part contains a brief description of the key provisions of two valuable systems of nonclassical logic: the logic of questions (interrogative logic) and transformational logic, as well as a number of related practical problems and exercises.

Each part consists of thematic chapters (15 in total), and the chapters consists of 53 thematic paragraphs. A series of exercises and tasks in each section is preceded by a brief summary of the main concepts and key provisions of the given topic, which serves as a methodological guide for the student to learn and consolidate the material and complete practical tasks.

The manual contains 1070 exercises and practical tasks. At the end of the manual, the correct answers and brief comments on the main part of the exercises and tasks are provided.

The manual was prepared within the framework of the internal grant of Yerevan State University “Introduction and development of components of logic, argumentation and rhetoric in university educational programs”.